Introduction the subarachnoid space is filled by the cerebrospinal fluid csf. Cerebrospinal fluid examination lab tests online au. Proper evaluation of csf depends on knowing which tests to order, normal ranges for the patients age, and the tests limitations. Who laboratory manual for the examination and processing. By clearly defining and identifying upfront the scope of the csf assessment at the organization, the assessor will focus and streamline analysis and information gathering tasks resulting in a timely completion of the assessment with a detailed report.
This reduces the risk of a headache, which is a common side effect of the procedure. Infectious diseases of the brain and spinal cord, including meningitis and. Properly interpreted tests can make cerebrospinal fluid csf a key tool in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Lumbar puncture lp, also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal fluid csf for diagnostic testing. A lumbar puncture, also called a spinal tap, is the. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in infectious diseases of the. By measuring the levels of various csf components using relevant techniques, diagnosis, severity and prognostication of neurological conditions like infections, subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Pdf cerebrospinal fluid csf is a clear fluid circulating in the intracranial and spinal compartments. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is a way of looking for conditions that affect your brain and spine. Lumbar puncture lp is a commonly performed procedure in pediatrics. Csf and chemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid basic color numberofelements anderythrocytes totalprotein glucose lactate spectrophotometry 360600 nm others albumin csf,s albumin quotient igg, igm csf, s igquotient oligoclonaligg specificproteins. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear substance that circulates in the subarachnoid space, protects the brain and spinal cord from injury and transports products of neurosecretion, cellular biosynthesis, and cellular metabolism through the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid csf is a clear and colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord with a density ranging from 1. Conclusion the differential cell count is an important component of csf analysis that should always be performed if the total wbc count is elevated. When the reagent is used at room temperature, the onboard stability is 10 days. Csf is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain. When doing a cell count of the csf keep in consideration that. It supplies nutrients to the tissues of the central nervous system and helps to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury.
Accurate analysis of cerebrospinal fluid csf profile is essential in diagnosing and managing a variety of infectious and inflammatory conditions involving the brain, meninges, and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis and interpretation in. For qualitative analysis, csf is obtained most commonly by lumbar puncture usually between the third and fourth lumbar. Presence of lymphocytes is associated with infection by viruses or mycobacteria. Electrophoretic separation of spinal fluid proteins % of total protein concentrations. Csf analysis usually consists of opening pressure measurement, biochemical analysis, cytology, biomarkers assay, and microbiological evaluation. Outer most membrane dura mater center membrane arachnoid mater spiderweb like inner membrane pia mater csf between pia and arachnoid maters subarachnoid space. Cerebrospinal fluid volume in adults 120180 ml volume in small babies 4060 ml daily production 430580 ml hypooncotic, isoosmolarfluid. However, in various neurological disease especially in acute conditions, the composition, quantity and its pressure can be altered. Proper eval uation of csf depends on knowing which tests to order, normal ranges for the patients age. All tubes must be labeled properly and delivered immediately to the following sections. Cerebrospinal fluid csf is the fluid that is produced in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid csf is a clear fluid circulating in the intracranial and spinal compartments.
It is a routine practice to collect three 3 sterile tubes of csf 15 ml per tube for analysis. Examples of these conditions include meningitis and subarachnoid. Pdf lumbar puncture is frequently performed in primary care. Tubes should be collected and labeled sequentially by the physician at the time of collection. The tests may look for proteins, sugar glucose, and other substances. Cerebrospinal fluid reference values for young infants.
Csf is withdrawn from the subarachnoid space through a needle by a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap. However,as few as 200 white blood cells wbcs per mm3 or 400 red blood cells rbcs per mm 3 will cause csf to appear turbid. You can asses this ppt for your routine laboratory work. Lumbar puncture procedure and csf analysis medcrine. The reference range for cerebrospinal fluid analysis is as follows. Csf produced by ventricular capillary blood vessels choroid plexuses csf absorbed by arachnoid villi csf is a selective ultrafiltrate. To ensure reliable results, it should be performed on a stained smear. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is a group of laboratory tests that measure chemicals in the cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is an invaluable diagnostic aid in various nervous system diseases.
Pdf cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis and interpretation in. Moreover, the differential cell count should be performed on a concentrated, stained specimen rather than. Specialized viral tests should not be done unless the patient has an elevated csf total protein and the csf wbc cell count is increased. Hence analysis of csf by various methods will help in diagnosis as well as prognostication and response to therapy. Often, three or more separate tubes of csf are collected and multiple tests may be run on the different samples. Define criticality analysis procedures where the organization develops or adopts a set of procedures for performing a criticality analysis. Many times, alterations in normal csf parameters with variable and. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is a classic tool for diag. Pediatric lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis procedure, test, blood, tube. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Other rarely used methods include collection from a ventricular shunt.
Evidence clearly indicates that visual inspection is not a reliable method. It is accepted that all methods for identifying bacte. The main reason for a lumbar puncture is to help diagnose diseases of the central nervous system, including the brain and spine. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid csf is key in the diagnosis of several infectious and noninfectious neurological syndromes.
Ceribrospinal fluid analysis is a very important investigations in all laboratories. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis nursing management. This fluid is a clear, watery liquid that protects the central nervous system from injury and cushions it from the surrounding bone structure. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Csf is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.
No additional csf should be removed once the pressure reaches. Cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is a set of laboratory tests that examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. A csf analysis is a group of tests that look at your cerebrospinal fluid to help diagnose diseases and conditions that affect the brain and spinal cord. Compared to plasma, csf has a lower concentration of glucose, protein, and. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid csf is collected by a doctor from the lower back using a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap see common questions. Gross turbidity of csf is contamination in the procedure with. Definition cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis is a laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Once csf flows freely from the hub of the needle, the sample is collected by either allowing fluid to drip into a sterile container or gentle syringe aspiration connected via an extension set. Educational commentary differential cell count on cerebrospinal fluid cont. Csf is the clear fluid that cushions and delivers nutrients to your central nervous system cns.
Studies that have demonstrated some usefulness of csf analysis in predicting outcome. Properly interpreted tests can make cerebrospinal fluid csf a key tool in the diagnosis. Chemical analysis of csf protein1545mgdl 80% plasma. Lumbar puncture is a procedure that is often performed to obtain information about the cerebrospinal fluid. Submit up to three subsequent csf samples for afb culture from patients suspected of chronic meningitis to definitively rule out a mycobacterium infection 6. The csf is placed in both a serum tube serology, pcr and edta tube cytology, fluid analysis if desired. Protein level, opening pressure, and csftoserum glucose ratio vary with age. Its a series of lab tests performed on a sample of csf. Under normal conditions, the composition of csf remains constant. The lumbar puncture lp, a centuryold procedure, is the enduring procedure for the evaluation of suspected central nervous system cns disorders. It contains glucose, electrolytes, amino acids, and other small molecules found in plasma, but has very little protein and few cells. Semen analysis, also known as the sperm count test, analyzes the health of a mans sperm. We now propose revised guidelines for the specimen requirements, transport, handling and analysis of csf and interpretation in suspected sah with a negative. Semen is the fluid containing sperm that is released during ejaculation.
777 515 781 951 1342 1202 31 878 1182 256 1273 199 1186 154 1156 1420 1303 1088 284 396 1190 931 617 1495 474 1190 1310 1470 622 462 1064